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''Emma Harbor, Plover Bay, and Ureliki redirect here'' Providence Bay ((ロシア語:Бу́хта Провиде́ния), ''Bukhta Provideniya''〔Transliteration as in ''(Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary )'' (3rd edition 1997) ISBN 0-87779-546-0, ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9) p. 959〕) is a fjord in the southern coast of the Chukchi Peninsula of northeastern Siberia. It was a popular rendezvous, wintering spot, and provisioning spot for whalers and traders in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Emma Harbor (now Komsomolskaya Bay) is a large sheltered bay in the eastern shore of Providence Bay. Provideniya and Ureliki settlements and Provideniya Bay Airport stand on the Komsomolskaya Bay. Plover Bay in English sources sometimes refers specifically to the anchorage behind Napkum Spit within Providence Bay (also called Port Providence) but was commonly used as a synonym for Providence Bay; Russian 19th century sources used the term for an anchorage within Providence Bay.〔Popov, chapter 8〕 Plover Bay takes its name from HMS ''Plover'', a British ship which overwintered in Emma Harbor in 1848-1849. HMS ''Plover'' with captain Thomas E. L. Moore left Plymouth in January 1848 for the Bering Sea to find the lost Franklin Expedition. On October 17, 1848 Moore anchored his ship in a safe harbor; he is given credit for the name Providence Bay and for the first successful wintering of a ship in Bering Sea region.〔Gal〕 Lieutenant William Hulme Hooper of the ''Plover'' attributes the name Port Emma (or Emma's Harbor) to Captain Moore but provides no explanation of the choice of name.〔Hooper〕 ==Geography== The entrance to Providence bay is delineated by Mys Lysaya Golova (East Head, Baldhead Point) on the east and by Mys Lesovskogo on the west. Mys Lysaya Golova is about west-northwest of Cape Chukotsky.〔National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency〕 Providence Bay is about 8 km wide at its mouth and 34 km long (measured along the midline). It is about 4 km wide through much of its length below Emma Harbor, and about 2.5 km wide just above the juncture. The lower part of the bay runs roughly northeast, while the upper part (above the branch shown as Ked Bay) dog-legs north and is about 2 km wide. Depth soundings (USCGS 1928) show at the entrance and a maximum depth of . A more recent chart (USCS 2000) shows depths of at the entrance. Emma Harbor has been described as "the best harbor on the Asiatic coast north of Petropavlosk...." and is currently the only important harbor on Providence Bay.〔〔New York Times, November 27, 1921〕 It is a fjord in its own right, about 14 km from the mouth of Providence Bay and about 1.5 x 6 km in extent with depths shown from . Besides Emma Harbor there are three or four other sheltered anchorages within Providence Bay that are named by early writers: Port Providence, Cache Bay (also Ked Bay or Cash Cove), Telegraph Harbor, and Snug Harbor.〔New York Times,November 21, 1880〕〔Dall〕 Port Providence (now Buhkta Slavyanka or Reid Plover) is the anchorage behind Plover Spit, which provides a natural breakwater. It currently serves as the quarantine and hazardous cargo anchorage for Provideniya. Plover Spit is called Napkum Spit in an 1869 account; it projects into the bay from the eastern shore about 8 km from the mouth of the fjord. It has its origin in the moraine left by the glacier that carved the fjord.〔Muir, '' John of the Mountains'' p408〕 The tip of the spit is Mys Gaydamak. Cache bay is the cove in the eastern shore of the fjord, north of Emma Harbor. Snug Harbor is located near the head of the bay, behind Whale Island. Telegraph Harbor is named for the Western Union Telegraph Expedition of 1866-1867 which wintered there (remains of Western Union cabin were reportedly still standing in 1960).〔Russell, Given p. 482〕 It may be the same as Snug Harbor. The US Coast Survey chart shows the entire upper portion of the fjord as Vsadnik Bay. The Asiatic Pilot of 1909 refers to Vladimir Bay and Cache Bay, separated by Popov point, and notes that the bays are shallower above this point. Plover Spit is site of an abandoned Eskimo village with characteristic semi-underground houses,〔Whymper p 89〕 a more recent village of yarangas, and one of the 1869 eclipse observatories (see below).〔Hall〕〔New York Times, September 23, 1869〕 The US Coast Survey charts show the village at the base of the spit as Rirak, and starting in 1928 show a village Uredlak on the south shore of Emma Harbor〔Office of Coast Survey〕 The Soviet-era village of Plover was probably located on the mainland near the spit; it was damaged by a landslide and the inhabitants (including some relocated from Ureliki) were relocated to Provideniya.〔Krupnik〕 Nasskatulok, a Yupik village at the head of Plover Bay was reported by Aurel Krause (observed 1881) but not mentioned by Waldemar Bogoras (''ca.'' 1898)〔Hodge〕 There were also villages on the coast. Aiwan (Avan), a Yupik village, lay east of the bay between the sea and a freshwater lake (Lake Istikhed, from English "East Head"; called Lake Moore in some English-language sources 〔Petit Fute; Hooper; Hall〕). It was reportedly abandoned in 1942 due to concern it could be hit by Soviet Navy shells; another source has it evacuated in 1941 to make way for coast-defense artillery; yet another source has it occupied into the 1950s.〔Russel, Given p505; Petit Fute; Reid〕 The USCGS chart shows a village Akatlak just west of the mouth of the bay. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Providence Bay」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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